{"id":740,"date":"2017-04-04T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-04T23:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/?p=740"},"modified":"2023-08-29T08:12:14","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T12:12:14","slug":"timbucto-african-american-history-in-the-adirondacks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/es\/timbuctoo-african-american-history-in-the-adirondacks\/","title":{"rendered":"Timbuctoo: Historia afroamericana en los Adirondacks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Las monta\u00f1as Adirondack tienen una rica historia con sorprendentes v\u00ednculos con importantes acontecimientos nacionales. Puede que a algunos les sorprenda que las tierras v\u00edrgenes de los Adirondacks desempe\u00f1aran un papel importante en el Ferrocarril Subterr\u00e1neo, y que durante un tiempo fueran el hogar del famoso John Brown. Y lo que es m\u00e1s interesante, el peque\u00f1o pueblo de North Elba, en Nueva York, fue el lugar de un asentamiento experimental de negros libres establecido gracias a la filantrop\u00eda de Gerrit Smith, un conocido abolicionista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Timbuctoo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El asentamiento, al que John Brown se refer\u00eda como Timbuctoo, fue la respuesta de Gerrit Smith al restablecimiento por parte de la legislatura de Nueva York de una ley de veinti\u00fan a\u00f1os de antig\u00fcedad que negaba a los hombres negros el derecho al voto a menos que poseyeran $250 en tierras o una vivienda. En el oto\u00f1o de 1846, Smith anunci\u00f3 su plan de asentamiento que dotar\u00eda a tres mil concesionarios con parcelas de cuarenta acres de tierra en los Adirondacks. Aunque estas tierras v\u00edrgenes no val\u00edan $250, Smith cre\u00eda que con el cultivo podr\u00edan alcanzar ese valor y, a su vez, proporcionar a los hombres negros un medio para votar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La mayor\u00eda de los dotados de tierras eran gente de ciudad alfabetizada, completamente nueva en la agricultura. Muchos de estos colonos hab\u00edan sido cocineros, cocheros o barberos, pero nunca hab\u00edan sido agricultores. La falta de experiencia hac\u00eda que las dif\u00edciles tierras de los Adirondacks fueran un reto a\u00fan mayor para estas familias. Muy pocos de los dotados de tierras fueron capaces de quedarse y forjarse una vida en su parcela. Los informes del censo de 1850 a 1870 muestran que s\u00f3lo hab\u00eda trece familias negras en North Elba y en 1871 ese n\u00famero se redujo a dos. La familia de Lyman Epps fue la \u00fanica que permaneci\u00f3 en North Elba de forma permanente. El \u00faltimo miembro que quedaba, Lyman Epps Jr, falleci\u00f3 en 1942.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uno de los factores que contribuyeron al escaso n\u00famero de concesionarios que se asentaron en la tierra fue que relativamente pocos pudieron trasladarse a Elba Norte. Aunque la tierra que se les concedi\u00f3 era gratuita, los recursos para trasladarse y cultivar la tierra no estaban f\u00e1cilmente disponibles. Aunque hubo quienes se trasladaron, muchos encontraron la vida en el asentamiento demasiado dif\u00edcil y se marcharon. Las pocas familias que se asentaron en la zona lo hicieron con un trabajo extenuante y fueron capaces de desbrozar y cultivar la tierra, asegurando su derecho al voto. Desgraciadamente, aunque la concesi\u00f3n de tierras de Smith fue revolucionaria, no pudo tener \u00e9xito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Brown<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los miembros de la colonia de North Elba se beneficiaron de su famoso vecino John Brown. Tras hablar con Gerrit Smith, Brown compr\u00f3 tierras adyacentes a Timbuctoo para ense\u00f1ar a los nuevos residentes a cultivarlas de forma productiva. Como la mayor\u00eda de los colonos proced\u00edan de entornos urbanos, tuvieron que aprender a desbrozar y cultivar eficazmente las dif\u00edciles tierras de los Adirondacks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brown traslad\u00f3 a toda su familia a North Elba en 1849. Sin embargo, los intereses comerciales y su trabajo abolicionista lo alejaron con frecuencia de la granja. Su familia se qued\u00f3 en la tierra y con la ayuda de Lyman Epps construy\u00f3 una casa de campo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Brown es muy conocido por su labor militante abolicionista, siendo el m\u00e1s famoso el asalto al arsenal federal de Harper's Ferry en 1859. Tambi\u00e9n fue l\u00edder de un grupo de guerrilla antiesclavista que dirigi\u00f3 ataques contra pueblos proesclavistas, y un \"conductor\" del Ferrocarril Subterr\u00e1neo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brown fue condenado por traici\u00f3n por su participaci\u00f3n en el asalto a Harper's Ferry y fue ahorcado el 2 de diciembre de 1859 en Virginia. Su cuerpo fue devuelto a la granja de su familia en North Elba, donde fue enterrado frente a su casa. En 1899, los restos de varios de los que lucharon y murieron en Harper's Ferry fueron trasladados y enterrados junto a su l\u00edder en North Elba. La granja y la tumba de Brown son ahora un lugar hist\u00f3rico del Estado de Nueva York que atrae a miles de visitantes cada a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gerrit Smith<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aunque a Gerrit Smith se le identifica sobre todo con el movimiento por la abolici\u00f3n de la esclavitud, tambi\u00e9n fue un apasionado reformista que apoy\u00f3 causas como la reforma de las prisiones, de la tierra y de la vestimenta nacional, el vegetarianismo, la independencia de Irlanda y el sufragio femenino. Smith era pacifista y cre\u00eda en la oposici\u00f3n a la esclavitud s\u00f3lo por medios pac\u00edficos. Sin embargo, hay pruebas de que Smith apoy\u00f3 la incursi\u00f3n de John Brown en Harper's Ferry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Muchas de las estaciones del Ferrocarril Subterr\u00e1neo en el estado de Nueva York estaban situadas en tierras propiedad de Gerrit Smith. El proyecto de concesi\u00f3n de tierras de Gerrit Smith, Timbuctoo, era emblem\u00e1tico de sus creencias agrarias. Aunque era un proyecto inherentemente defectuoso, la comunidad experimental de North Elba era una visi\u00f3n progresista para hacer frente a las injusticias raciales de la pol\u00edtica estatal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Foto superior: Vista del municipio de North Elba, en el condado de Essex, donde se encontraba la desaparecida comunidad negra de Timbuctoo. La fotograf\u00eda, tomada por Seneca Ray Stoddard, capta las monta\u00f1as McIntyre y el paso Indian mirando hacia el sur desde North Elba, hacia 1875.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Adirondack Mountains have a rich history with astonishing ties to major national events. It may be a surprise to some that the wilderness of the Adirondacks played an important [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9577,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adirondack-journal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Timbuctoo: African American History in the Adirondacks | Adirondack Experience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/es\/timbucto-african-american-history-in-the-adirondacks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Timbuctoo: African American History in the Adirondacks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Adirondack Mountains have a rich history with astonishing ties to major national events. 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