{"id":6641,"date":"2021-09-15T11:52:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-15T15:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/?page_id=6641"},"modified":"2026-03-31T14:33:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T18:33:07","slug":"apa-at-50","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/fr\/apa-at-50\/","title":{"rendered":"Exposition en ligne de l'APA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  ep-lazy-loaded avia-full-stretch av-section-color-overlay-active avia-bg-style-fixed  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_submenu  avia-builder-el-first   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-75  container_wrap fullsize' style='background-repeat: no-repeat; --epBGImg: url(https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Regulation-and-Resistance.jpg);;background-attachment: fixed; background-position: top center;   '   data-section-bg-repeat='stretch' data-av_minimum_height_pc='75' ><div class='av-section-color-overlay-wrap'><div class='av-section-color-overlay  ep-lazy-loaded' style='opacity: 0.2; background-color: #000000; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: top left; ' ><\/div><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-1 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  \" style='padding:0 0 0 0 ; '><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h1  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-2  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  special-heading av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='line-height:0.5em;font-weight:300;text-transform:none;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >REGULATION &amp; RESISTANCE<\/h1><div class ='av-subheading av-subheading_below  ' style='color:#fcfaf5;line-height:0.5em;font-weight:300;text-transform:none;font-size:40px;'><p><em style=\"font-size: 30px;\">Adirondack Activism in the Early Years of the APA<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='clear'><\/div><div id='apa-menu'  class='av-submenu-container av-kuegxn4f-0ba958057ee69db5d3135b91eb228e89 main_color  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  av-sticky-submenu submenu-not-first container_wrap fullsize' style='   z-index:301'  ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-disabled av-submenu-pos-center'><ul id='av-custom-submenu-1' class='av-subnav-menu' role='menu'>\n<li class='menu-item av-fog56p-c21ad4708530b1c8a40868f27814b8c7 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1' role='menuitem'><a href='#part-i'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>PART I<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-dtzqn5-afe37a5542c86cd40999d9cfff8ed21c menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2' role='menuitem'><a href='#part-ii'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>PART II<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-d4bj1d-7ffb87d20a139486e71a7605f6717540 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-3' role='menuitem'><a href='#part-iii'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>PART III<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-kueio3c1-fdc160abe5ba3fc7249748544816d118 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-4' role='menuitem'><a href='#part-iv'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>PART IV<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-kueiob25-724db58639d5589516587348e40197a8 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-5' role='menuitem'><a href='#apa-at-fifty'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>APA@50<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class='sticky_placeholder'><\/div>\n<div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_submenu  el_before_av_slideshow_accordion   container_wrap fullsize' style='  '   ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-2 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-5  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In June 1971 New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller signed legislation creating the Adirondack Park Agency. With the stroke of his pen, the six million acres of the Adirondack Park\u2014a mix of mountains, lakes, forests, rivers, and, crucially, communities\u2014fell under the jurisdiction of this new governing body, which has since been praised and cursed by Adirondack residents across the ideological spectrum. The APA was charged with establishing land use regulations on both public and private land over a broad swath of northern New York State, and enforcing regulations on the private land. It faced an uphill struggle from the start. Its staff was small, its budget was minuscule, and its mandate to protect the natural resources of the Adirondack Park proved divisive among New York residents.<\/p>\n<p>As soon as the law was signed, citizens inside and outside of the Park started voicing their concerns about the future of the Adirondacks and its people. They organized advocacy groups, staged protests, and spoke up at well-attended public hearings. Environmentalists worried that the APA\u2019s restrictions on development weren\u2019t strong enough to preserve the wildlands of the park, while property rights activists argued that the new regulations were unconstitutional intrusions that would choke already-struggling local economies. Throughout the 1970s these divergent and often opposing groups mobilized to raise support for their causes and apply pressure to local and state legislators in an effort to shape and direct the policies that continue to impact wildlife and community life in the Adirondacks.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3\">\n.avia-accordion.av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3{\nmax-height:1030px;\n}\n.avia-accordion.av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3 .aviaccordion-preview{\nwidth:20.1%;\n}\n.avia-accordion .aviaccordion-slide.av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__0{\nleft:0%;\n}\n.avia-accordion .aviaccordion-slide.av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__1{\nleft:20%;\n}\n.avia-accordion .aviaccordion-slide.av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__2{\nleft:40%;\n}\n.avia-accordion .aviaccordion-slide.av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__3{\nleft:60%;\n}\n.avia-accordion .aviaccordion-slide.av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__4{\nleft:80%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  id=\"accordion_slider_1\"  class='aviaccordion avia-accordion av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3 aviaccordion-title-active av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once ' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;interval&quot;:4,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;}\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><ul class=\"aviaccordion-inner\"><li class='aviaccordion-slide av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__0 aviaccordion-slide-1' data-av-left='0'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a class='aviaccordion-slide-link noHover' href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\"  title=\"Ton-Da-Lay Sketches\" ><div class='aviaccordion-preview av-accordion-text-center'><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01.jpg\" class=\"aviaccordion-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-01-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/li><li class='aviaccordion-slide av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__1 aviaccordion-slide-2' data-av-left='20'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a class='aviaccordion-slide-link noHover' href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\"  title=\"Ton-Da-Lay Sketches\" ><div class='aviaccordion-preview av-accordion-text-center'><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02.jpg\" class=\"aviaccordion-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-02-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/li><li class='aviaccordion-slide av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__2 aviaccordion-slide-3' data-av-left='40'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a class='aviaccordion-slide-link noHover' href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\"  title=\"Ton-Da-Lay Sketches\" ><div class='aviaccordion-preview av-accordion-text-center'><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03.jpg\" class=\"aviaccordion-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-03-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/li><li class='aviaccordion-slide av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__3 aviaccordion-slide-4' data-av-left='60'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a class='aviaccordion-slide-link noHover' href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\"  title=\"Ton-Da-Lay Sketches\" ><div class='aviaccordion-preview av-accordion-text-center'><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04.jpg\" class=\"aviaccordion-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-04-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/li><li class='aviaccordion-slide av-ktkvvl2w-c4e4605f3955dc31edfd9839cce9dcd3__4 aviaccordion-slide-5' data-av-left='80'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><a class='aviaccordion-slide-link noHover' href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\"  title=\"Ton-Da-Lay Sketches\" ><div class='aviaccordion-preview av-accordion-text-center'><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05.jpg\" class=\"aviaccordion-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ton-Da-Lay-05-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class='aviaccordion-spacer' style='padding-bottom:100%'><\/div><\/div>\n<div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_slideshow_accordion  el_before_av_section   container_wrap fullsize' style='  '   ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-3 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-9  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Architectural renderings of the proposed Ton-Da-Lay resort development in Franklin County (Stephens &amp; Gately Architecture &amp; Planning Design Associates, 1972)<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/3B0DB793-7350-472D-B8A9-870750674219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020.039.0001-0007<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='part-i'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   container_wrap fullsize' style='background-color: #63513d;   '   ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable av-break-at-tablet-flextable flex-column-table-4 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  no_margin av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-12  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-13  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >PART I:<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  special-heading av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='font-weight:300;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >BIG DEVELOPERS MEET BIG OPPOSITION<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color  ep-text-align-left  '  style='color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>While the APA\u2019s staff developed private land use regulations in 1972, the agency\u2019s authority was already being tested by proposals for large second-home communities. Proposed vacation home projects like Horizon in St. Lawrence County and Ton-Da-Lay in Franklin County promised to transform remote wetlands and forests into attractive middle-class resorts complete with golf courses, ski hills, and a shopping center. Local governments were often supportive of these projects, hoping they would bring jobs and revenue to cash-strapped communities. Others worried that the developments would upset fragile ecosystems and cause long-term damage to the beauty and character of the Adirondack Park.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_5'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50  container_wrap fullsize' style='  '   data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1400px;max-width:1400px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-5 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-17  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kufq0hey-d2cdce6927df5c19beb9bf2c4109228f\">\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-kufq0hey-d2cdce6927df5c19beb9bf2c4109228f{\npadding:7.5% 0px;;\n}\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-kufq0hey-d2cdce6927df5c19beb9bf2c4109228f .av-horizontal-gallery-inner{\npadding-bottom:50%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-horizontal-gallery av-kufq0hey-d2cdce6927df5c19beb9bf2c4109228f av-horizontal-gallery-1px-gap av-horizontal-gallery-enlarge-effect  avia-builder-el-18  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  av-slideshow-ui av-control-minimal av-control-minimal-dark av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-horizontal-gallery-1' 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id='av-svg-title-2'>Suivant<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-2'>Suivant<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Suivant<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-dots avia-slideshow-controls av-horizontal-gallery-dots fade-in'><a href='#1' class='goto-slide active' >1<\/a><a href='#2' class='goto-slide ' >2<\/a><a href='#3' class='goto-slide ' >3<\/a><a href='#4' class='goto-slide ' >4<\/a><a href='#5' class='goto-slide ' >5<\/a><a href='#6' class='goto-slide ' >6<\/a><a href='#7' class='goto-slide ' >7<\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-inner' data-av-height='50'><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-slider\"><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6723 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6723 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1251\" height=\"1564\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park.jpg\" title='Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park.jpg 1251w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1251px) 100vw, 1251px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-824x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park.jpg 1251w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-3' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-3' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-3'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-3'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6728 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6728 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1253\" height=\"1566\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02.jpg\" title='Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02.jpg 1253w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1253px) 100vw, 1253px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-824x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-02.jpg 1253w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' 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av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1243\" height=\"1554\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03.jpg\" title='Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03.jpg 1243w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1243px) 100vw, 1243px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-824x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Citizens-to-Save-the-Adirondack-Park-03.jpg 1243w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-5' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-5' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-5'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-5'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park Letter<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7488 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7488 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"575\" height=\"1265\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v.jpg\" title='13361-(1)v' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v.jpg 575w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v-136x300.jpg 136w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v-468x1030.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v-5x12.jpg 5w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v-468x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v-468x1030.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v-136x300.jpg 136w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v-5x12.jpg 5w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-1v.jpg 575w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(1)v'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-6' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-6' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-6'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(1)v<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-6'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(1)v<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7487 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7487 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1010\" height=\"1260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2.jpg\" title='13361-(2)' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2.jpg 1010w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-826x1030.jpg 826w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-768x958.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1010px) 100vw, 1010px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-826x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-826x1030.jpg 826w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-768x958.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-2.jpg 1010w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(2)'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-7' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-7' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-7'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(2)<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-7'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(2)<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7486 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7486 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1070\" height=\"1260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3.jpg\" title='13361-(3)' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3.jpg 1070w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-255x300.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-875x1030.jpg 875w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-768x904.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1070px) 100vw, 1070px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-875x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-875x1030.jpg 875w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-255x300.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-768x904.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-3.jpg 1070w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 875px) 100vw, 875px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(3)'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-8' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-8' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-8'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(3)<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-8'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(3)<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7485 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7485 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1120\" height=\"1260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4.jpg\" title='13361-(4)' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4.jpg 1120w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-267x300.jpg 267w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-916x1030.jpg 916w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-768x864.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-11x12.jpg 11w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1120px) 100vw, 1120px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-916x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-916x1030.jpg 916w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-267x300.jpg 267w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-768x864.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4-11x12.jpg 11w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13361-4.jpg 1120w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 916px) 100vw, 916px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(4)'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-9' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-9' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-9'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(4)<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-9'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: 13361-(4)<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:10px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_horizontal_gallery  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color  av-medium-font-size-overwrite av-medium-font-size-14 av-small-font-size-overwrite av-small-font-size-14 av-mini-font-size-overwrite av-mini-font-size-14   '  style='font-size:14px; color:#959da2; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Click on the image to enlarge<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fliers produced by Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park<em> (1972)<\/em><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object IDs <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/A36F0A10-7F31-449F-841E-297341972100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13358,<\/a> <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/60331C47-E328-49CD-BD09-131471481961\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13360<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/B9C0C7CE-7F4D-41FF-BECE-681441223578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13361<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A group of concerned residents in Canton\u2014just outside the Adirondack Park\u2019s Blue Line\u2014began meeting in the spring of 1972 to strategize how best to combat these developments and the environmental damage they could cause. They created Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park, which started raising awareness of the risk such developments posed to bird habitats and wetlands.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Peter Van de Water talking to Brad Edmondson in 2008 about the formation of Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park <em>(courtesy of Brad Edmondson).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-1\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-sbej3l-8a95b4f79d2369e699fc67a1a1aa7182 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-1  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist first avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/01_PeterVandewater_Citizens.mp3'>01_PeterVandewater_Citizens<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/01_PeterVandewater_Citizens.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"01_PeterVandewater_Citizens\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"2:26\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/PeterVandeWater_CitizensToSave_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download the Transcript<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div  style='height:60px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-6 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The group coordinated locally by writing letters to Blue Line newspapers, giving testimony at public hearings, and disseminating fliers opposing the projects. Their efforts soon gained national attention, including coverage in the <em>New York Times<\/em> and on the <em>CBS Evening News<\/em>. This attention brought Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park new members who lived throughout the Northeast, allowing them to hire high-profile environmental attorneys David Sive and Peter Berle.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Peter Van De Water discusses strategies to raise awareness, 2008 <em>(courtesy of Brad Edmondson).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-2\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-8zsb1d-1a67a87e358b0dd4bb1764e00920d8c8 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-2  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/03_PeterVandewater_Strategies_Poster.mp3'>03_PeterVandewater_Strategies_Poster<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/03_PeterVandewater_Strategies_Poster.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"03_PeterVandewater_Strategies_Poster\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"03_PeterVandewater_Strategies_Poster\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"3:03\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/PeterVandeWater_strategies_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download the Transcript<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-      avia-builder-el-37  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6789 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6789 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-scaled.jpg\" alt='' title='Save the Adirondack Park - STOP HORIZON Poster' height=\"2464\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-1030x992.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-768x739.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-1536x1479.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-2048x1972.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Stop-Horizon-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Save the Adirondack Park: Stop Horizon<em> (Robert Plumb, c. 1972)<\/em><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/8114D651-1556-4866-97E0-693034512333\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12522<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div  style='height:60px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-40  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-7 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kufsk8h6-77f8992ac66d8dc5c8974f9f2c63d2c1\">\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-kufsk8h6-77f8992ac66d8dc5c8974f9f2c63d2c1{\npadding:7.5% 0px;;\n}\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-kufsk8h6-77f8992ac66d8dc5c8974f9f2c63d2c1 .av-horizontal-gallery-inner{\npadding-bottom:50%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-horizontal-gallery av-kufsk8h6-77f8992ac66d8dc5c8974f9f2c63d2c1 av-horizontal-gallery-1px-gap av-horizontal-gallery-enlarge-effect  avia-builder-el-42  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  av-slideshow-ui av-control-minimal av-control-minimal-dark av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-horizontal-gallery-2' data-slideshow-data=\"{&quot;enlarge&quot;:1.3,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0,&quot;initial&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows avia-slideshow-controls' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av-horizontal-gallery-prev avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-10' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-10' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-10'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-10'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av-horizontal-gallery-next avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Suivant\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-11' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-11' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-11'>Suivant<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-11'>Suivant<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Suivant<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-dots avia-slideshow-controls av-horizontal-gallery-dots fade-in'><a href='#1' class='goto-slide active' >1<\/a><a href='#2' class='goto-slide ' >2<\/a><a href='#3' class='goto-slide ' >3<\/a><a href='#4' class='goto-slide ' >4<\/a><a href='#5' class='goto-slide ' >5<\/a><a href='#6' class='goto-slide ' >6<\/a><a href='#7' class='goto-slide ' >7<\/a><a href='#8' class='goto-slide ' >8<\/a><a href='#9' class='goto-slide ' >9<\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-inner' data-av-height='50'><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-slider\"><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7499 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7499 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"887\" height=\"1268\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1.jpg\" title='In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1.jpg 887w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-721x1030.jpg 721w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-768x1098.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-8x12.jpg 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 887px) 100vw, 887px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-721x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-721x1030.jpg 721w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-768x1098.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-1.jpg 887w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - 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Ton-Da-Lay Brochure' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4.jpg 1748w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-1030x747.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1748px) 100vw, 1748px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-1030x747.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-1030x747.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-4.jpg 1748w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - 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Ton-Da-Lay Brochure'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-16' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-16' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-16'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-16'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7504 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7504 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1748\" height=\"1268\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6.jpg\" title='In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6.jpg 1748w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-1030x747.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1748px) 100vw, 1748px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-1030x747.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-1030x747.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-6.jpg 1748w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-17' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-17' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-17'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-17'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7507 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7507 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1748\" height=\"1268\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-7-1.jpg\" title='In the Adirondacks - 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Ton-Da-Lay Brochure'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-18' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-18' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-18'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-18'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7506 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7506 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1748\" height=\"1268\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8.jpg\" title='In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8.jpg 1748w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-1030x747.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1748px) 100vw, 1748px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-1030x747.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-1030x747.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-8.jpg 1748w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-19' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-19' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-19'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-19'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7508 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7508 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"894\" height=\"1268\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9.jpg\" title='In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9.jpg 894w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-726x1030.jpg 726w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-768x1089.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-8x12.jpg 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 894px) 100vw, 894px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-726x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-726x1030.jpg 726w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-768x1089.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13410-9.jpg 894w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-20' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-20' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-20'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-20'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: In the Adirondacks - Ton-Da-Lay Brochure<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:10px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-43  el_after_av_horizontal_gallery  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color  av-medium-font-size-overwrite av-medium-font-size-14 av-small-font-size-overwrite av-small-font-size-14 av-mini-font-size-overwrite av-mini-font-size-14   '  style='font-size:14px; color:#959da2; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Click on the image to enlarge<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>In the Adirondacks<\/em> (Ton-Da-Lay, 1972)<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/314FAA50-1B76-4835-878E-548886093116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13410<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-47  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Facing growing backlash, the Ton-Da-Lay developers issued their own literature in an effort to quell public concern about the scope and long-term effects of the large development. Issued in 1972, this pamphlet contains many assurances to readers about the project\u2019s impact on the local environment and economy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div  style='height:60px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-49  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-8 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-50  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In the face of such legal muscle\u2014and with quiet help from APA staffers\u2014the Horizon project soon fizzled out. Even bigger names and deeper pockets were marshaled to battle Ton-Da-Lay. Legal challenges were brought against that project by two young environmental lawyers, Robert Kafin and Ed Needleman, which delayed its progress until the APA\u2019s private land-use plan could go into effect in May 1973. These combined efforts of state government and local organizers effectively killed the development and gave both the APA and environmental activists their first big wins. But the new approach enraged local officials and many full-time Park residents.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Robert Kafin talks to Brad Edmondson about the tactics he and Ed Needleman employed to slow the Ton-Da-Lay project in court<em> (courtesy of Brad Edmondson).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-3\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-cdn3f5-b8930cc1333374d59d7c7a9eec4cc985 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-3  avia-builder-el-53  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BobKafin.mp3'>Bob Kafin<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BobKafin.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"Bob Kafin\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"BobKafin\\\" by Kafin, Robert. Released: 0.\",\"meta\":{\"artist\":\"Kafin, Robert\",\"year\":\"July 2019\",\"length_formatted\":\"6:19\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-54  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BobKafin_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download the Transcript<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-56  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-      avia-builder-el-57  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7511 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7511 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1.jpg\" alt='Ed Needleman, left, and Robert Kafin in the 1970s' title='Ed Needleman + Robert Kafin' height=\"2085\" width=\"2168\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1.jpg 2168w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1-1030x991.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1-768x739.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1-1536x1477.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1-2048x1970.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/KafinNeedleman-1-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2168px) 100vw, 2168px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-58  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ed Needleman, left, and Robert Kafin in the 1970s<em> (courtesy of Brad Edmondson)<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='part-ii'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-60  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50  container_wrap fullsize' style='background-color: #7f9c90;   '   data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-9 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-61  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-62  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >PART II:<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-63  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  special-heading av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='font-weight:300;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >THE PEOPLE VERSUS THE PRIVATE<br \/>\nLAND USE PLAN<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '  style='font-size:22px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The tussles with Horizon and Ton-Da-Lay tested the APA\u2019s power to regulate big developers. The agency faced an entirely different challenge when it invited the public to submit comments on its draft of a private land use plan in January 1973. APA chairman Richard Lawrence led public hearings throughout the Park in the first few weeks of the year, giving ordinary citizens the opportunity to air their opinions about the new regulations that would affect how Adirondackers could use their land.<\/p>\n<p>More than 5,800 people turned out across the state to give APA staffers a piece of their minds, packing school gymnasiums and municipal auditoriums in Saranac Lake, Indian Lake, Elizabethtown, and other hubs within and near the Blue Line. Hearings were also held in New York City, Rochester, and Buffalo. Feedback on the plan in these cities tended to be positive overall, possibly because the people attending saw the Adirondacks as a pristine vacation spot rather than as a place to try to scratch out a livelihood. About one-third of all comments received statewide supported the plan, but the vast majority of Park residents opposed it, and many were angry.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_7'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  ep-lazy-loaded avia-full-stretch av-section-color-overlay-active avia-bg-style-fixed  avia-builder-el-65  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-100  container_wrap fullsize' style='background-repeat: no-repeat; --epBGImg: url(https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-05.png);;background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center center;   '  data-lazy-bg data-section-bg-repeat='stretch' data-av_minimum_height_pc='100' ><div class='av-section-color-overlay-wrap'><div class='av-section-color-overlay  ep-lazy-loaded' style='opacity: 0.3; background-color: #63513d; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: top left; ' data-lazy-bg><\/div><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-10 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-66  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  \" style='background-color:rgba(252,250,245,0.92); box-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding:60px; '><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-sub-av-ktlognkb-d38ee9ef14bd691b5b524ec6aad0a0f1\">\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlof1tp-c3818d7e35607efe9d7eb09d913338a8{\ntop:95.6%;\nleft:75%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlof1tp-c3818d7e35607efe9d7eb09d913338a8 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\ncolor:#4a7729;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlof1tp-c3818d7e35607efe9d7eb09d913338a8 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#4a7729;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlofr0m-d697ae0a25cef4a6305d8784d3dd1fce{\ntop:33.1%;\nleft:58.1%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlofr0m-d697ae0a25cef4a6305d8784d3dd1fce .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\ncolor:#4a7729;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlofr0m-d697ae0a25cef4a6305d8784d3dd1fce .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#4a7729;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlogfsn-21bfb522256521f92fe21b0b12ba571c{\ntop:61.9%;\nleft:51.6%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlogfsn-21bfb522256521f92fe21b0b12ba571c .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\ncolor:#4a7729;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ktlogfsn-21bfb522256521f92fe21b0b12ba571c .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#4a7729;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-kufuttzv-d0916b0714e5837bd39936d9c8ac8265{\ntop:41.8%;\nleft:15.3%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-kufuttzv-d0916b0714e5837bd39936d9c8ac8265 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\ncolor:#4a7729;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-kufuttzv-d0916b0714e5837bd39936d9c8ac8265 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#4a7729;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-hotspot-image-container av-ktlognkb-d38ee9ef14bd691b5b524ec6aad0a0f1  avia-builder-el-67  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  av-hotspot-numbered  av-non-fullwidth-hotspot-image'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='av-hotspot-container'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-cell'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-wrap'><div class='av-image-hotspot av-ktlof1tp-c3818d7e35607efe9d7eb09d913338a8 av-image-hotspot-1 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-default-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left  main_color av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip=''><a href=#one  class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>1<\/a><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-ktlofr0m-d697ae0a25cef4a6305d8784d3dd1fce av-image-hotspot-2 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-default-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left  main_color av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip=''><a href=#two  class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>2<\/a><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-ktlogfsn-21bfb522256521f92fe21b0b12ba571c av-image-hotspot-3 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-default-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left  main_color av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip=''><a href=#three  class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>3<\/a><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-kufuttzv-d0916b0714e5837bd39936d9c8ac8265 av-image-hotspot-4 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-default-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left  main_color av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip=''><a href=#four  class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>4<\/a><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7095 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7095 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04.png\" alt='' title='1973 Private Land-Use Plan'  height=\"2581\" width=\"2000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04.png 2000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04-232x300.png 232w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04-798x1030.png 798w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04-768x991.png 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04-1190x1536.png 1190w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04-1587x2048.png 1587w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Adirondack-Parl-Land-Use-and-Development-Plan-04-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-68  el_after_av_image_hotspot  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Adirondack Park Land Use and Development Plan <em>(Adirondack Park Agency, 1973)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  id=\"one\"  style='color:#4a7729;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h1  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-70  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock     ' ><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >1.<\/h1><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#4a7729'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h4><span style=\"color: #4a7729;\">SARATOGA SPRINGS<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>At the first public hearing in Saratoga Springs on January 8, 1973, APA staffer George Davis explained \u201cthe map,\u201d a color-coded guide to how each property parcel in the Adirondack Park would be zoned, and what kinds of restrictions would in turn be placed upon it.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>George Davis speaking at the Saratoga Springs hearing.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/B3AF0302-EDCC-4E27-A943-459899395043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1976.219.0039<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-4\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-zaubap-841053f58439c482d916b53177a80509 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-4  avia-builder-el-73  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GeorgeDavisFull.mp3'>GeorgeDavisFull<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GeorgeDavisFull.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"GeorgeDavisFull\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"GeorgeDavisFull\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"12:51\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-74  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/GeorgeDavis_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-76  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Once the hearings were opened up to comment from the public, speakers quickly addressed a central issue of concern\u2014would the restrictions on development, which were also aimed at controlling sprawl in the smaller hamlets throughout the Park, hurt efforts to boost local economies? Listen to this clip where local real estate agent Richard Sehlmeyer makes the case, to much applause, that the APA hasn\u2019t done enough to consider the people of the Adirondacks in their plans for the Park.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Richard Sehlmeyer at the Saratoga Springs hearing.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/B3AF0302-EDCC-4E27-A943-459899395043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1976.219.0039<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-5\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-u9o3wx-1622c45d87f430ab4ef490db400098a0 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-5  avia-builder-el-79  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Sellmer_SaratogaHearing.mp3'>Sellmer_SaratogaHearing<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Sellmer_SaratogaHearing.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"Sellmer_SaratogaHearing\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"Sellmer_SaratogaHearing\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"1:37\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-80  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DickSehlmeyer_SaratogaSprings_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  id=\"two\"  style='color:#4a7729;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h1  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-82  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_horizontal_gallery  avia-builder-el-last     ' ><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >2.<\/h1><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#4a7729'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-rigfo1-f4e46fa3655014bac9158cd9b8fa51de\">\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-rigfo1-f4e46fa3655014bac9158cd9b8fa51de{\npadding:7.5% 0px;;\n}\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-rigfo1-f4e46fa3655014bac9158cd9b8fa51de .av-horizontal-gallery-inner{\npadding-bottom:50%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-horizontal-gallery av-rigfo1-f4e46fa3655014bac9158cd9b8fa51de av-horizontal-gallery-1px-gap av-horizontal-gallery-enlarge-effect  avia-builder-el-83  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_hr  av-slideshow-ui av-control-minimal av-control-minimal-dark av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-horizontal-gallery-3' data-slideshow-data=\"{&quot;enlarge&quot;:1.3,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0,&quot;initial&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows avia-slideshow-controls' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av-horizontal-gallery-prev avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-21' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-21' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-21'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-21'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av-horizontal-gallery-next avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Suivant\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-22' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-22' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-22'>Suivant<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-22'>Suivant<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Suivant<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-dots avia-slideshow-controls av-horizontal-gallery-dots fade-in'><a href='#1' class='goto-slide active' >1<\/a><a href='#2' class='goto-slide ' >2<\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-inner' data-av-height='50'><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-slider\"><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6984 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6984 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1251\" height=\"1564\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1.jpg\" title='Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1.jpg 1251w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1251px) 100vw, 1251px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-824x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-1.jpg 1251w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-23' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-23' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-23'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-23'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6985 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6985 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1251\" height=\"1564\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2.jpg\" title='Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2.jpg 1251w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1251px) 100vw, 1251px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-824x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/13363-2.jpg 1251w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve' alt='' aria-label='Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-24' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-24' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-24'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-24'>Ouvrir l\u2019image dans une Lightbox: Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-84  el_after_av_horizontal_gallery  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color  av-medium-font-size-overwrite av-medium-font-size-14 av-small-font-size-overwrite av-small-font-size-14 av-mini-font-size-overwrite av-mini-font-size-14   '  style='font-size:14px; color:#959da2; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Click on the image to enlarge<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-86  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Letter to members <em>(Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve, 1972)<\/em><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/ED9E71F4-DDC6-4AF9-BB8C-612618272528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13363<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-88  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h4><span style=\"color: #4a7729;\">SARANAC LAKE<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Conservation groups like the Constitutional Council for the Forest Preserve and the Sierra Club coordinated their appearances at these public hearings for maximum impact. This approach also made them targets for the resentment of those who distrusted the APA\u2019s motives and worried about the land use plan\u2019s impact on their livelihoods and property rights. They often saw representatives from environmental groups as outsiders\u2014people who lived outside the Park and were funded by big-city interests. In this clip from the contentious Saranac Lake hearing, Ted Hullar is booed by attendees after announcing his affiliation with the Sierra Club. Listen as he tries to make the case that he, and all residents of New York State, has as much at stake in the future of the Adirondack Park as do the people who live within the Blue Line year-round. Hullar is repeatedly interrupted by commenters in the crowd throughout his speech.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Ted Hullar speaking at the Saranac Lake hearing.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/B3AF0302-EDCC-4E27-A943-459899395043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1976.219.0084<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-6\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-m1u14x-e895da8edac0b95a2f6610c2a3c26eaa avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-6  avia-builder-el-91  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/TedHullarFull.mp3'>TedHullarFull<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/TedHullarFull.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"TedHullarFull\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"TedHullarFull\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"20:35\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-92  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/TedHullar_SaranacLake_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  id=\"three\"  style='color:#4a7729;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h1  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-94  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock     ' ><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >3.<\/h1><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#4a7729'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h4><span style=\"color: #4a7729;\">INDIAN LAKE<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The \u201cus vs. them\u201d attitude was prevalent throughout 12 public hearings in the North Country. Many Adirondackers saw the APA as an outside organization influenced and operated by downstaters who had no real stake in the future of the Park\u2019s towns and villages. The rules imposed by the APA felt like an incursion on the rights of the Adirondack people to govern their own communities and shape their own future. This clip is from the hearing in Indian Lake on January 17, 1973. Long Lake resident John Hosley appeared at the hearing in a Native American-style headdress, rhetorically comparing local landowners in the Adirondacks to Indigenous people who were unjustly displaced by government policies. His speech is followed by raucous applause.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>John Hosley speaking at the Indian Lake hearing.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/B3AF0302-EDCC-4E27-A943-459899395043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1976.219.0065<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-7\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-b8n6pd-3b076134a3516457db096e04777ee7e2 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-7  avia-builder-el-97  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/JohnHosley.mp3'>JohnHosley<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/JohnHosley.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"JohnHosley\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"JohnHosley\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"7:14\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-98  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/JohnHosley_IndianLake_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-100  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_video ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-video av-kufu0u6l-71046bcc5f609e66feefa2bdec4e67bf avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/611967494'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"John Collins recalls public hearings\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/611967494?h=c978d73fb9&amp;dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&muted=0\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>John Collins recalls the Indian Lake hearing in a 2002 interview. <em>(courtesy of Brad Edmondson)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/JohnCollins_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-104  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Some saw this kind of grandstanding as a cynical attempt by developers to whip up public sentiment against the APA. In this interview with Brad Edmondson, John Collins, a fourth-generation Adirondacker from Blue Mountain Lake who in the late 1960s and \u201870s served on the Town of Indian Lake planning board, recalls the hearing. The proceedings were ultimately, in his words, \u201ca show.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  id=\"four\"  style='color:#4a7729;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h1  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-106  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock     ' ><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >4.<\/h1><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#4a7729'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h4><span style=\"color: #4a7729;\">SARANAC LAKE<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Disgruntled residents often drew the most applause and attention at the public hearings, but locals who were willing to vocally support the APA proposals were also in attendance. Roderick O\u2019Connor spoke up at the Saranac Lake hearing on January 18, delivering this eloquent speech on the importance of keeping the Adirondack wilderness wild despite the threat of profit-seeking development. APA staffer George Davis appreciated O\u2019Connor\u2019s defense of the APA\u2019s plans, and later forwarded a transcript of O\u2019Connor\u2019s comments to his mentor and former boss, Harold Jerry. Jerry had worked for the Temporary Study Commission on the Future of the Adirondacks; this group\u2019s recommendations led directly to the creation of the APA. George included this note: \u201cJerry, After taking hours of \u201cguff\u201d at 19 hearings it was rather nice to hear this young man\u2019s testimony near the end of our last hearing. Thought you might enjoy\u2014particularly if you envision yourself being called a communist, dictator, elitist, etc. for 2 solid weeks first.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Rod O\u2019Connor speaking in support of the APA at the Saranac Lake hearing.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #959da2;\">Object ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/B3AF0302-EDCC-4E27-A943-459899395043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1976.219.0086<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-8\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-hovb7l-ecf2740f57ddb9c518e96d02dee55785 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-8  avia-builder-el-109  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/RoderickOConnor_StarLake.mp3'>RoderickOConnor_StarLake<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/RoderickOConnor_StarLake.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"RoderickOConnor_StarLake\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"RoderickOConnor_StarLake\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"7:17\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-110  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/RoderickOConnor_SaranacLake_transcript.pdf\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='part-iii'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-112  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   container_wrap fullsize' style='background-color: #719430; background-image: linear-gradient(to right,#4a7729,#719430);  '   ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-113  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-11 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-114  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-115  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >PART III:<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-116  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  special-heading av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='font-weight:300;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >ADIRONDACK DEFENDERS<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-117  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_9'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-118  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50  container_wrap fullsize' style='background-color: #fcfaf5;   '   data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1400px;max-width:1400px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable av-break-at-tablet-flextable flex-column-table-12 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-119  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-      avia-builder-el-120  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7115 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7115 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1.jpg\" alt='' title='Governor Nelson Rockefeller' height=\"1881\" width=\"1881\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1.jpg 1881w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LawrencePaineRockefeller_007-1-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1881px) 100vw, 1881px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-121  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Richard Lawrence, far left, with Governor Nelson Rockefeller and APA board member Peter S. Paine Jr. at right. <em>(Photographer unknown, c. 1973)<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\nCollection ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/F3EA668E-CCF5-48AC-AD22-536219801801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MS 76-010<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-123  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The fanfare and drama of the public hearings on the APA\u2019s private land use plan came and went quickly. At the end of January 1973, legislators and APA officials were left to ponder the feedback they had received. A revised private land use plan was signed into law by Governor Rockefeller on May 22, 1973. Resistance to the APA didn\u2019t end there, however. If anything, the battle was just ramping up. While the massive Horizon and Ton-Da-Lay vacation home projects were effectively vanquished, smaller-scale developers still hoped to see their projects built in the Park, and they felt they could succeed only by curbing the regulatory powers of the APA. Tony D\u2019Elia and Frank Casier, who had plans to build and sell homes in Loon Lake and the Saranac Lake area, respectively, began organizing anti-APA sentiment in the Park. Through letters to the editor, distribution of anti-APA newspapers, and, eventually, staged public protests, they continuously applied pressure to the APA throughout the 1970s and beyond.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div  style='height:60px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-125  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable av-break-at-tablet-flextable flex-column-table-13 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-126  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Hands Across the Mountains was an early effort at organizing opposition to the APA. Funded by wealthy Lake Placid resident Ruth Newberry, the group attracted both Tony D\u2019Elia and Frank Casier, who eventually spun off their own anti-APA group called the Adirondack Defense League.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Frank Casier talking to Brad Edmondson, 2003 <em>(courtesy of Brad Edmondson)<\/em><\/strong><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div id=\"av_player-9\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-1dbaog1-e7013b3fb65ee4571655f71466824aba avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-9  avia-builder-el-129  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/FrankCasier_HandsAcrosstheMountains.mp3'>FrankCasier_HandsAcrosstheMountains<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/FrankCasier_HandsAcrosstheMountains.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"FrankCasier_HandsAcrosstheMountains\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"FrankCasier_HandsAcrosstheMountains\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"1:59\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-130  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/FrankCasier_HandsAcrossAmerica_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_half  av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-132  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-      avia-builder-el-133  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7116 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7116 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-scaled.jpg\" alt='' title='&quot;Hands Across the Mountains&quot; Poster' height=\"2560\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Hands-Across-the-Mountain-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-134  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Hands Across the Mountains poster <em>(Hands Across the Mountains, c. 1975)\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\nObject ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/DECD45E2-31E6-4D5C-B7EF-394033160231\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12248<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_10'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  ep-lazy-loaded avia-full-stretch av-section-color-overlay-active avia-bg-style-fixed  avia-builder-el-136  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50  container_wrap fullsize' style='background-color: #fcfaf5; background-repeat: no-repeat; --epBGImg: url(https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/p074670-01.jpg);;background-attachment: fixed; background-position: top center;   '  data-lazy-bg data-section-bg-repeat='stretch' data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' ><div class='av-section-color-overlay-wrap'><div class='av-section-color-overlay  ep-lazy-loaded' style='opacity: 0.6; background-color: #63513D#63513D; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-position: top left; ' data-lazy-bg><\/div><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-14 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-137  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  \" style='-webkit-transform: scale(1.1); -ms-transform: scale(1.1); transform: scale(1.1); z-index: 4;padding:50px; '><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-wc1sip-385d910557ecdeb91b8a604097d18622\">\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-wc1sip-385d910557ecdeb91b8a604097d18622{\npadding:7.5% 0px;;\n}\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-wc1sip-385d910557ecdeb91b8a604097d18622 .av-horizontal-gallery-inner{\npadding-bottom:50%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-horizontal-gallery av-wc1sip-385d910557ecdeb91b8a604097d18622 av-horizontal-gallery-large-gap av-horizontal-gallery-enlarge-effect  avia-builder-el-138  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  av-slideshow-ui av-control-minimal av-control-minimal-dark av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-horizontal-gallery-4' data-slideshow-data=\"{&quot;enlarge&quot;:1.3,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0,&quot;initial&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows avia-slideshow-controls' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av-horizontal-gallery-prev avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-25' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-25' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-25'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-25'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av-horizontal-gallery-next avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Suivant\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-26' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-26' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-26'>Suivant<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-26'>Suivant<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Suivant<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-dots avia-slideshow-controls av-horizontal-gallery-dots fade-in'><a href='#1' class='goto-slide active' >1<\/a><a href='#2' class='goto-slide ' >2<\/a><a href='#3' class='goto-slide ' >3<\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-inner' data-av-height='50'><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-slider\"><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7184 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7184 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1685\" height=\"2221\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1.png\" title='Cliquer pour montrer les d\u00e9tails - Adirondack Defender 1976' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1.png 1685w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1-228x300.png 228w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1-781x1030.png 781w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1-768x1012.png 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1-1165x1536.png 1165w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1-1554x2048.png 1554w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1976_Page_1-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7606 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7606 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1685\" height=\"2221\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1.jpg\" title='Cliquer pour montrer les d\u00e9tails - Adirondack Defender Summer 1976' alt='Front page of the Adirondack Defender Newspaper from the Summer 1976.' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1.jpg 1685w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1-228x300.jpg 228w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1-781x1030.jpg 781w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1-768x1012.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1-1165x1536.jpg 1165w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1-1554x2048.jpg 1554w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Defender_Summer1976_Page_1-1-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7183 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7183 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1685\" height=\"2221\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1.png\" title='Cliquer pour montrer les d\u00e9tails - Adirondack Defender 1978' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1.png 1685w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1-228x300.png 228w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1-781x1030.png 781w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1-768x1012.png 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1-1165x1536.png 1165w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1-1554x2048.png 1554w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Defender1978_Page_1-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1685px) 100vw, 1685px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-139  el_after_av_horizontal_gallery  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color  av-medium-font-size-overwrite av-medium-font-size-14 av-small-font-size-overwrite av-small-font-size-14 av-mini-font-size-overwrite av-mini-font-size-14   '  style='font-size:14px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Click on the image to open PDF<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-141  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '  style='font-size:16px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Issues of the <em>Adirondack Defender<\/em> newsletter<em> (Bob Hunsicker and Anthony D\u2019Elia, 1976-1978)<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span>Object ID<span style=\"color: #fcfaf5;\"> <a style=\"color: #fcfaf5;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/E9D9FDDC-A06A-4ABE-A7B9-672350554053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021.020.0001-0007<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '  style='color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Feeling that letters to the editor weren\u2019t effectively spreading their message, Casier and D\u2019Elia started their own newspaper, the <em>Adirondack Defender<\/em><em>, <\/em>and distributed it throughout the Park. Frank Casier recalls the birth and growth of the newspaper in this clip from his interview with Brad Edmondson.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color  ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Frank Casier talking to Brad Edmondson, 2003 <em>(courtesy of Brad Edmondson)<\/em><\/strong><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div id=\"av_player-10\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-1vpk1d-3b472cf69d46f3eaf716bea54ed35eee avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-10  avia-builder-el-145  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/FrankCasier_AdirondackDefender.mp3'>FrankCasier_AdirondackDefender<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/FrankCasier_AdirondackDefender.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"FrankCasier_AdirondackDefender\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"FrankCasier_AdirondackDefender\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"3:13\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-146  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color  ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/FrankCasier_AdirondackDefender_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_11'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-148  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50  container_wrap fullsize' style='  '   data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1500px;max-width:1500px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable av-break-at-tablet-flextable flex-column-table-15 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_third  custom_space av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-149  el_before_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-first  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling- av-hover-grow av-hide-overflow     avia-builder-el-150  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7565 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7565 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-scaled.jpg\" alt='Anti-APA Sign' title='Anti-APA Sign' height=\"2402\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-300x281.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-1030x966.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-768x721.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-1536x1441.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-2048x1921.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BigAPAsign-13x12.jpg 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">This large hand-painted sign, measuring roughly nine feet square, loomed over Main Street in Warrensburg for over a decade before it was donated to the museum in 2017. <em>(Ted Galusha, 2005)<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\nObject ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/webobject\/2B0F8167-5F18-448C-BCEF-395232636290\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017.043.0001<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' style='width: 0.75%'><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_third  custom_space av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-152  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling- av-hover-grow av-hide-overflow     avia-builder-el-153  el_before_av_image  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7134 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7134 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-scaled.jpg\" alt='' title='1976 &quot;Abolish APA&quot; Winnebago Display' height=\"2560\" width=\"2049\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-scaled.jpg 2049w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-824x1030.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-1639x2048.jpg 1639w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/winnebago_May1976-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2049px) 100vw, 2049px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling- av-hover-grow av-hide-overflow     avia-builder-el-154  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7712 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7712 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-scaled.jpg\" alt='Black and white photo of protestors of the APA.' title='APA Protest' height=\"1768\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-1030x711.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-768x530.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-1536x1061.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-2048x1414.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/townhall-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">APA protest photographs (courtesy of the <em>Adirondack Daily Enterprise<\/em>, 1975-1976)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' style='width: 0.75%'><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_third  custom_space av-break-at-tablet flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-156  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling- av-hover-grow av-hide-overflow     avia-builder-el-157  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7137 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7137 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ScrewTheAPAHat_2017_043_0008.jpg\" alt='' title='&quot;Screw the APA&quot; Hat' height=\"833\" width=\"1166\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ScrewTheAPAHat_2017_043_0008.jpg 1166w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ScrewTheAPAHat_2017_043_0008-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ScrewTheAPAHat_2017_043_0008-1030x736.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ScrewTheAPAHat_2017_043_0008-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ScrewTheAPAHat_2017_043_0008-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1166px) 100vw, 1166px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u201cScrew the APA\u201d trucker-style hat <em>(c. 1970s)\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\nObject ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/webobject\/249DB2E8-0167-4068-8AB9-805700965360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017.043.0008<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling- av-hover-grow av-hide-overflow     avia-builder-el-159  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7141 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7141 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tshirt_2017_043_0007-1.jpg\" alt='' title='&quot;The Adirondack Freedom Fighters&quot; T-Shirt' height=\"866\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tshirt_2017_043_0007-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tshirt_2017_043_0007-1-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tshirt_2017_043_0007-1-1030x743.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tshirt_2017_043_0007-1-768x554.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tshirt_2017_043_0007-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Adirondack Freedom Fighters t-shirt <em>(c. 2000)<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\nObject ID <a style=\"color: #959da2;\" href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/webobject\/1CF3DBDB-D2A6-44BF-BF98-535933520088\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017.043.0007<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_12'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-161  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50  container_wrap fullsize' style='  '   data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Musician Matt McCabe, who was born in Elizabethtown and for many years ran a music shop in Saratoga Springs, penned and recorded this protest anthem in support of the anti-APA movement. It includes the refrain, \u201cSomebody mentioned the APA, how much land did you steal today?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>\u201cIt\u2019s Insane\u201d<em> (Matt McCabe, c. 1970s, courtesy of the family of Matt McCabe)<\/em><\/strong><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div id=\"av_player-11\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-ktl0e8rj-67077a9df5e8db1cfabe1c029a0b4b47 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-11  avia-builder-el-164  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/McCabeItsInsane.mp3'>McCabeItsInsane<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/McCabeItsInsane.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"McCabeItsInsane\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"McCabeItsInsane\\\". Released: 2021.\",\"meta\":{\"year\":\"2021-01-31T15:41:51-05:00\",\"length_formatted\":\"4:17\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-165  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ItsInsaneLyrics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-167  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Employing tactics similar to those of the environmental advocacy organizations like Citizens to Save the Adirondack Park, anti-APA groups also argued their case graphically using fliers, bumper stickers, t-shirts, hats, and other giveaways. This gave them a visible presence throughout the park, and allowed supporters to present themselves as a unified front at protests. Anti-APA signage was both eye-catching and, at times, shocking. Protestors intended to provoke strong feelings.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-169  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-      avia-builder-el-170  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7153 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7153 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/abolishAPAvan_January1976.jpg\" alt='' title='January 1976 &quot;Abolish APA Van&quot;' height=\"1236\" width=\"2000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/abolishAPAvan_January1976.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/abolishAPAvan_January1976-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/abolishAPAvan_January1976-1030x637.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/abolishAPAvan_January1976-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/abolishAPAvan_January1976-1536x949.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/abolishAPAvan_January1976-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Frank Casier\u2019s \u201cwar wagon\u201d <em>(courtesy of the Adirondack Daily Enterprise, 1976)<\/em><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-172  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"p1\">A common presence at APA protests was the \u201cwar wagon\u201d, a furniture van festooned with the slogan \u201cAbolish the APA\u201d across its side. Frank Casier describes the genesis of the war wagon and his group\u2019s protest efforts in this clip.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-174  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Frank Casier talking to Brad Edmondson, 2003 <em>(courtesy of Brad Edmondson)<\/em><\/strong><span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div id=\"av_player-12\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-8kqokx-8bf6bc6e6ee086e4498a5f9bfe9c6962 avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-12  avia-builder-el-176  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-player-hide-playlist avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/FrankCasier_WarWagon_Protest-New-Export.mp3'>FrankCasier_WarWagon_Protest-New-Export<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":false,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/FrankCasier_WarWagon_Protest-New-Export.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"FrankCasier_WarWagon_Protest-New-Export\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"FrankCasier_WarWagon_Protest-New-Export\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:54\"}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-177  el_after_av_player  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/FrankCasier_WarWagon_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='part-iv'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-179  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50  container_wrap fullsize' style='background-color: #fcfaf5;   '   data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' ><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1400px;max-width:1400px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-16 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_two_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-180  el_before_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-first  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  style='color:#4a7729;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-181  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >PART IV:<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#4a7729'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='color:#4a7729;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-182  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  special-heading av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='font-weight:300;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >MENDING FENCES<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#4a7729'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:22px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>By 1975, \u201cAbolish the APA\u201d protestors had become an irritant to state legislators, perhaps most egregiously when they <a href=\"https:\/\/nyshistoricnewspapers.org\/lccn\/sn88074101\/1975-11-20\/ed-1\/seq-6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dumped a load of manure<\/a> on the steps of the APA headquarters in Ray Brook. Bob Flacke remembers a Democratic Senate leader telling him, \u201cI\u2019ll give you a year. If you don\u2019t get it straightened out, I\u2019m going to introduce my own bill and get rid of the goddamed thing. I\u2019m sick and tired of these people marching into my office.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuq82dt1-6709a79a0077396b38a950b68b666744\">\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-kuq82dt1-6709a79a0077396b38a950b68b666744 .av-horizontal-gallery-inner{\npadding-bottom:50%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-horizontal-gallery av-kuq82dt1-6709a79a0077396b38a950b68b666744 av-horizontal-gallery-large-gap av-horizontal-gallery--effect  avia-builder-el-184  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-horizontal-gallery-5' data-slideshow-data=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows avia-slideshow-controls' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av-horizontal-gallery-prev avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-27' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-27' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-27'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-27'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av-horizontal-gallery-next avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Suivant\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-28' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-28' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-28'>Suivant<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-28'>Suivant<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Suivant<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-dots avia-slideshow-controls av-horizontal-gallery-dots fade-in'><a href='#1' class='goto-slide active' >1<\/a><a href='#2' class='goto-slide ' >2<\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-inner' data-av-height='50'><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-slider\"><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7717 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7717 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"285\" height=\"403\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Flacke_DEC.jpg\" title='' alt='Headshot of Robert Flacke, c. 1979 (photograph from the New York Department of Conservation)' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Flacke_DEC.jpg 285w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Flacke_DEC-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Flacke_DEC-8x12.jpg 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7718 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7718 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"468\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Persico.jpg\" title='Persico' alt='Headshot of Dick Persico, c. 1975 (courtesy of Barb Persico)' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Persico.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Persico-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Persico-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-185  el_after_av_horizontal_gallery  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">LEFT: Robert Flacke, c. 1979<em> (photograph from the New York Department of Conservation)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">RIGHT: Dick Persico, c. 1975 <em>(courtesy of Barb Persico)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:22px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Flacke became Chair of the APA board in 1975. He was well equipped to mend fences. A powerful man who had been drafted to play guard for the Detroit Lions, he was Supervisor of the Town of Lake George and a student of management science. As Supervisor, he had used a \u201csociogram\u201d to boost support for the town\u2019s first zoning plan, succeeding where others had failed.<\/p>\n<p>Flacke worked with Dick Persico, Executive Director of the APA, to change the Agency\u2019s direction. He fired George Davis and several others who he described as \u201cenvironmental visionaries,\u201d and he claims to have worn out two cars driving across the park to meet with fellow town supervisors. Flacke\u2019s pragmatic philosophy angered environmentalists, who formed the Adirondack Council in 1975 as a watchdog for the APA. But the \u201cabolish\u201d movement also faded under his watch. By the time he left the APA to become Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Conservation in 1979, both sides had grudgingly accepted that the Agency was here to stay.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-188  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_video ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-video av-fqi381-90a77058adacfb6a800bf408e6e90638 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/611968778?h=7fafc9ff5e'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Frank Casier on aggressive tactics\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/611968778?h=7fafc9ff5e&amp;dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&muted=0\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-190  el_after_av_video  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>In a 2004 interview with Brad Edmondson, Frank Casier looks back on the anti-APA movement he led, suggesting that his group should have employed more violent tactics.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock    ep-text-align-left  '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/CasierVideo_transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download the Transcript<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-193  el_after_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-last  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-      avia-builder-el-194  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7567 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7567 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/751119ManureDumping.png\" alt='Newspaper clipping from Ray Brook, NY about the 1975 manure dumping incident at the APA headquarters.' title='Manure Dumping Newspaper Clipping' height=\"854\" width=\"357\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/751119ManureDumping.png 357w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/751119ManureDumping-125x300.png 125w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/751119ManureDumping-5x12.png 5w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  style='height:20px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-195  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:16px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">The November 19, 1975 issue of the <em>Adirondack Daily Enterprise<\/em> reported on the manure dump at APA headquarters.<span style=\"color: #959da2;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='apa-at-fifty'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  ep-lazy-loaded avia-full-stretch av-section-color-overlay-active avia-bg-style-fixed  avia-builder-el-197  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   container_wrap fullsize' style='background-color: #fcfaf5; background-repeat: no-repeat; --epBGImg: url(https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/p049978-02.jpg);;background-attachment: fixed; background-position: top center;   '  data-lazy-bg data-section-bg-repeat='stretch' ><div class='av-section-color-overlay-wrap'><div class='av-section-color-overlay  avia-full-stretch ep-lazy-loaded' style='opacity: 0.8; background-color: #63513D#63513D; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: top center; ' data-lazy-bg><\/div><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1000px;max-width:1000px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-17 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-198  el_before_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-first  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-199  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  special-heading av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='font-weight:300;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >APA@50<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-18 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_two_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-200  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  column-top-margin\" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '  style='font-size:22px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>APA@50 is a yearlong, collaborative initiative by the Adirondack Experience to commemorate the 50<sup>th<\/sup> anniversary of the Adirondack Park Agency, which for half a century has shaped the present and future of the Adirondack Park, conserving land for wildlife as well as for human recreation and use. Working closely with author Brad Edmondson, whose book on the turbulent early years of the APA, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bradedmondson.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Wild Idea<\/a><\/em>, was published in May 2021, the museum has explored the genesis and ongoing impact of the agency in a variety of forums over the course of the year.<\/p>\n<p>Page notes for\u00a0<em>A Wild Idea<\/em> can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/bradedmondson.com\/page-notes-2\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-202  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-      avia-builder-el-203  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"   ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7581 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7581 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AWildIdea.jpg\" alt='Book cover of A Wild Idea: How the Environmental Movement Tamed the Adirondacks written by Brad Edmonson.' title='A Wild Idea: How the Environmental Movement Tamed the Adirondacks' height=\"450\" width=\"298\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AWildIdea.jpg 298w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AWildIdea-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AWildIdea-8x12.jpg 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-19 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-204  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  column-top-margin\" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-205  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  >APA@50 Symposium<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '  style='font-size:22px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Curated and hosted by Dr. Philip Terrie, the symposium included three panel discussions featuring a wide range of scholars and individuals involved with the APA and explore the agency\u2019s successes; how regulation has evolved over the past half-century and where it is headed; and how practice in the United States compares with policies overseas. The entire symposium was recorded and can be streamed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/events\/theapaat50\/\">from our website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='color:#fcfaf5;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-207  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '   itemprop=\"headline\"  ><em>A Wild Idea<\/em> documentary on Mountain Lake PBS<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#fcfaf5'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock   av_inherit_color    '  style='font-size:22px; color:#fcfaf5; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>First aired on October 25, 2021, <em>A Wild Idea <\/em>is an original documentary about the birth of the APA and its effect on the Adirondack Park. The film draws from Brad Edmondson\u2019s original research, including interviews with several key players in the formation of, and resistance to, the APA. The film includes excerpts from Edmondson\u2019s audio and video interviews as well as TV news clips and other historical content to bring the story of the agency further to life.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  style='height:30px' class='hr hr-invisible    avia-builder-el-209  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_video ' ><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuqdzmw8-e37ee8addbd9d783eab3099f5364d73c\">\n.avia-video.av-kuqdzmw8-e37ee8addbd9d783eab3099f5364d73c{\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.theadkx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Screen-Shot-2021-10-13-at-11.31.39-PM.png);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-video av-kuqdzmw8-e37ee8addbd9d783eab3099f5364d73c avia-video-16-9 av-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RaVaJ6mgwQM'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A Wild Idea: The Birth of the APA\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RaVaJ6mgwQM?feature=oembed&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&mute=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_15'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  av-section-color-overlay-active avia-bg-style-fixed  avia-builder-el-211  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last   container_wrap fullsize' style='  '   ><div class='av-section-color-overlay-wrap'><div class='av-section-color-overlay  avia-full-stretch ep-lazy-loaded' style='opacity: 0.8; background-color: #63513D#63513D; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: top center; ' data-lazy-bg><\/div><div class='container' style=--containerWidth:1400px;max-width:1400px;><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units' ><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-6641'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div   class='flex_column_table  ep-lazy-loaded   av-equal-height-column-flextable -flextable flex-column-table-20 '  ><div  class=\"flex_column av_one_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded first  avia-builder-el-212  el_before_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-first  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div   class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-213  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Sponsors<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Brad Edmondson and Tania Werbizky<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore: a program of the J. M. Kaplan Fund<\/p>\n<p>Adam Hochschild<\/p>\n<p>Lee and Nancy Keet<\/p>\n<p>F. M. Kirby Foundation, Inc.<\/p>\n<p>Bruce McLanahan<\/p>\n<p>McPhillips, Fitzgerald &amp; Cullum, LLP<\/p>\n<p>Northern New York Library Network<\/p>\n<p>Mr. and Mrs. Peter S. Paine Jr., courtesy of the Adirondack Foundation \u2013 Paine Family Fund and the Boquet Foundation, Inc.<\/p>\n<p>Nancy Reardon and Steven Sayer<\/p>\n<p>Curt and Susan Stiles<\/p>\n<p>Jim and Anne Townsend<\/p>\n<p>Anne H. Van Ingen and Wesley Haynes<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder' ><\/div><div  class=\"flex_column av_two_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top ep-lazy-loaded   avia-builder-el-215  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  \" ><div class=\"flex-column-inner\"><p><div   class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-216  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-animated-generic left-to-right     ' ><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag ' style='font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase;'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Further Reading<\/h3><div class ='av-subheading av-subheading_below av_custom_color ' style='font-size:15px;'><p>The Adirondack Experience holds many collections related to the formation and early years of the Adirondack Park Agency. You can learn more about our relevant holdings below.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='avia_textblock      '  style='font-size:18px; '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>MS 72-021: Temporary Study Commission on the Future of the Adirondacks records, 1966-1972<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/9D952162-CBAF-41D1-A62E-101384967183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/9D952162-CBAF-41D1-A62E-101384967183<\/a><\/p>\n<p>MS 75-010: Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks records, 1901-1973 <a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/5DF45707-BD29-44C0-891E-507761182956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/5DF45707-BD29-44C0-891E-507761182956<\/a><\/p>\n<p>MS 76-010: Richard Lawrence records of the Adirondack Park Agency, 1971-1975<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/F3EA668E-CCF5-48AC-AD22-536219801801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/F3EA668E-CCF5-48AC-AD22-536219801801<\/a><\/p>\n<p>MS 76-011: George Davis papers, 1967-1976<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/38263A3B-A113-4E23-AA66-423664084934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/38263A3B-A113-4E23-AA66-423664084934<\/a><\/p>\n<p>MS 80-002: Adirondack Park Agency records, 1971-1980<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/5E61F4B1-3FAB-4B3D-9D64-888458202868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/5E61F4B1-3FAB-4B3D-9D64-888458202868<\/a><\/p>\n<p>MS 09-001: Richard Lawrence papers, 1955-2002<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/381E7BDC-7AD4-4272-A1D5-629624419420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/381E7BDC-7AD4-4272-A1D5-629624419420<\/a><\/p>\n<p>MS 09-002: Clarence Petty papers, 1907-2005<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/2E2C8C38-5270-42D7-BECB-010945018368\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/archive\/2E2C8C38-5270-42D7-BECB-010945018368<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>The Adirondack rebellion; A political, economic, and social expos\u00e9 of the Adirondack State Park, 1880\u20141980<\/em>, by Anthony D\u2019Elia (Onchiota Books, 1979) <a href=\"https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/B7E92AC6-3240-4333-9DA3-352954486968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adirondack.pastperfectonline.com\/library\/B7E92AC6-3240-4333-9DA3-352954486968<\/a><\/p>\n<p>New York State Historic Newspapers provides a searchable database of newspapers from around the state, allowing users to read contemporary accounts of events throughout our region\u2019s history. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-blank.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6641","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>APA, Regulation + Resistance, 50 Years of the Adirondack Park Agency<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"50 years ago Nelson Rockefeller signed legislation creating the Adirondack Park Agency. 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